Gaybullaev D., Krepl V.
Abstract
The main reason for the worsening environmental situation in the Aral Sea is the shortage of water resources and the worsening quality of the water in the rivers feeding it.
This is due to agricultural irrigation and the run-off sewage and agricultural drainage waters. The Aral Sea, once the fourth largest lake in the world has shrunk by more than 75% since 1960, because of the irrational use of water resources during the Soviet period. The two rivers which feed the Aral Sea were diverted to agricultural projects after 1960s and the drying-out of the Aral Sea has resulted in the growing concentration of chemical pesticides and natural salts. These substances are then blown from the increasingly exposed lake and contribute to increase the desertification. Other problems have also appeared while the level of water in the Aral Sea has been decreasing: fish resources and the number of wild animals are being lost, soil degradation and water salinization has been increased and the local climate has changed - all the mentioned have influenced the increasing health problems in the Aral Sea region. Total dissolved salts in water (TDS) in the Aral Sea regions range from 0, 4 grams to 4-6 grams per liter (g/l), which is higher than the international standard for water mineral content for human consumption (1. 5 g/l). The situation is dramatic in local hospitals and schools due to the poor water treatment technology even in the major cities of the region. The irregular use of soil and water resources has heavily affected the economy and ecology of the country. The actual problem is to provide clean water to the people in the regions in the Aral Sea area who now have highly polluted and salty water. The main aim of this work is to develop a small water treatment infrastructure and the improvement of the water management systems by providing a safe water supply in the regions with high water salinity in the Aral Sea area. In recent years various types of water treatment technologies have been conducting by different water treatment companies in order to find the best technology to use in this area. Water purification processes are also operated with chosen water purification technologies where the tap water does not meet the required standards at the Republic's children TB sanatorium in Nukus city, the capital of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan. The water purification technologies can reduce the soluble substances in the water from 800 -1400 mg/l to 400 mg/l which makes the water more potable for children in the sanatorium.
Key words:
Aral Sea, purification of water, soil degradation, water cleaning treatment, water analyses